Вот что такое жемчуг и как он образуется

Опубликовано:

Категории: Драгоценные камни

Автор: OmniaOro

В этой статье мы объясним естественный процесс создания жемчуга. И как определить, настоящая жемчужина или подделка?

Следует знать, что существует две основные категории натурального жемчуга:

натуральный соленый жемчуг, который очень редок и определенно самый ценный из всех, поскольку формируется естественным путем, без участия человека.

На самом деле, природного морского жемчуга, представленного сегодня на рынке, очень мало ( около 1% ), и его случайно обнаруживают рыбаки, ловящие моллюсков.

и пресноводный культивированный жемчуг (который чаще всего используется в ювелирных изделиях).

Как они формируются

Натуральный жемчуг имеет органическую природу и рождается внутри жемчужного моллюска (устрицы) , который, чтобы защитить себя от проникновения инородного тела, проникающего в мягкие ткани, активирует спонтанный иммунный процесс, который покрывает это внешнее тело веществом под названием «конхиолина». " , который начинает образовывать тонкие концентрические слои перламутра, которые вызывают расслоение жемчужины.

Доказано, что у устриц в день образуется 3 или 4 слоя раковины, поэтому интересно знать, что за каждый год выращивания слой жемчужины увеличивается на 0,3 мм.

Так что только через несколько лет вы сможете полюбоваться необыкновенным результатом: чудесной натуральной жемчужиной.

Важно знать, что среди тысяч видов устриц лишь несколько видов считаются настоящими жемчужными устрицами.

Элементы оценки жемчужины

  • Измерение
  • Форма и однородность
  • Цвет
  • Внешний вид поверхности
  • Восток

Размер

Размер – это первый элемент, по которому оценивается жемчуг, «помните», что при прочих равных условиях, чем больше жемчуг, тем выше его ценность.

Единицей измерения жемчуга является миллиметр (мм), а его диаметр можно легко измерить тысячным штангенциркулем.

Форма

Ниже приведены все существующие размеры жемчуга:

  • сферический
  • Овал
  • Половина жемчужины
  • Овалоид
  • Кнопка
  • Каплевидный
  • Грушевидной формы
  • Окольцованный
  • Двойник
  • Замочен
  • Рисовое зерно
  • Крест
  • Фантазия
  • Барокко
  • Полубарокко

Цвет

Жемчуг имеет бесконечное количество комбинаций цветов и оттенков, поэтому невозможно создать настоящие категории.

Ниже перечислены шесть основных основных цветов: белый , розовый , кремовый , желтый, серый и черный.

Серый и черный жемчуг обычно находят в районах с темным песком. А производятся они из вида крупной жемчужной устрицы под названием «черногубая» из семейства «маргаритоносных» .

При этом наиболее распространенные оттенки варьируются от розового и розово-зеленого.

Внешний вид поверхности

Жемчуг, хотя всегда является «органическим материалом» и, следовательно, натуральным, никогда не имеет идеально гладкой и однородной поверхности.

Поэтому, рассматривая жемчуг под прямым светом, вы обязательно заметите рельефные полосы или небольшие пузырьки — это обнадеживающие элементы, которые укрепляют гипотезу о том, что жемчуг настоящий и, следовательно, подлинный.

ОБРАТИТЕ ВНИМАНИЕ: Чем совершеннее поверхность жемчужины, тем она ценнее.

Жемчужный Восток

Ориентация жемчужины — это совокупность оптических элементов (дисперсия, преломление, отражение, интерференция и диффузия света), которые замечаются с помощью рассеянного белого света при наблюдении жемчужины на однородном белом или сером фоне.

Если, наблюдая за жемчужиной, вы воспринимаете набор «движущихся» цветов, вы наблюдаете за ориентацией жемчужины. Только опытный техник способен оценить его по:

Отлично – Хорошо – Удовлетворительно – Плохо

Как распознать поддельную жемчужину

С помощью этого очень простого метода вы сможете быстро определить, настоящая жемчужина или подделка .

Тест заключается в том, чтобы поцарапать поверхность жемчужины небольшим напильником или лезвием небольшого ножа (если в нем есть отверстие, то лучше поближе к нему, чтобы, вставив в ожерелье, вы не видели сделанных царапин), чтобы сразу поймете, покрыт ли он краской или подобными продуктами.

В этом случае вы сразу заметите растрескивание краски и под любой крышкой фальшивую жемчужину (обычно из прозрачного пластика).

Таким образом, вы сразу сможете понять, настоящая это жемчужина или подделка . Потому что, если жемчужина натуральная, то, поцарапав ее, вы заметите, что поверхность жемчужины отслаивается (эффект идентичен тому, когда вы поцарапаете кость каракатицы).

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