Esto es lo que son las perlas y cómo se forman.

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Categorías: Piedras preciosas

Autor: OmniaOro

En este artículo explicamos el proceso natural de creación de perlas. ¿Y cómo saber si una perla es real o falsa?

Debes saber que existen dos categorías principales de perlas naturales:

Perlas naturales de agua salada que son muy raras y definitivamente las más valiosas de todas, porque se forman de forma natural, sin la mano del hombre.

De hecho, las perlas naturales de agua salada que se encuentran actualmente en el mercado son muy pocas ( alrededor del 1% ) y son descubiertas por casualidad por los pescadores de marisco.

y perlas cultivadas de agua dulce (que son las más utilizadas en joyería).

como se forman

Las perlas naturales son de naturaleza orgánica y nacen en el interior de un molusco perlífero (ostra) que, para defenderse de la entrada de un cuerpo extraño que penetra en los tejidos blandos, activa un proceso inmunológico espontáneo que recubre este cuerpo externo con una sustancia llamada "conchiolina". " , cual Comienza a producir finas capas concéntricas de nácar, que dan lugar a la estratificación de la perla.

Se ha comprobado que una ostra desarrolla 3 o 4 capas de concha por día, por lo que es interesante saber que por cada año de cultivo la capa de la perla crece 0,3 mm.

Sólo después de unos años podrás admirar el extraordinario resultado: una maravillosa perla natural.

Es importante saber que entre las miles de especies de ostras, sólo unas pocas especies se consideran verdaderas ostras perleras.

Los elementos de evaluación de una perla.

  • Dimensión
  • Forma y homogeneidad
  • Color
  • Apariencia superficial
  • Orientar

La dimensión

El tamaño es el primer elemento sobre el que evaluar una perla, "recuerde" que siendo iguales los demás factores, cuanto más grande es la perla mayor es su valor.

La unidad de medida de las perlas es el milímetro (mm), y es posible medir fácilmente su diámetro con un calibre de milésimas.

Forma

A continuación se muestran todos los tamaños de perlas existentes:

  • Esférico
  • Oval
  • media perla
  • ovaloide
  • Botón
  • En forma de gota
  • Forma de pera
  • Anillado
  • hermanados
  • sumergido
  • Grano de arroz
  • Cruz
  • Fantasía
  • Barroco
  • semibarroco

Color

Las perlas tienen infinitas combinaciones de colores y matices, por lo que es imposible crear categorías reales.

Los seis colores principales básicos se enumeran a continuación: blanco , rosa , crema , amarillo, gris y negro.

Las perlas grises y negras suelen encontrarse en zonas donde la arena es oscura. Y son producidas por un tipo de ostra perlada de gran tamaño llamada "labio negro" de la familia de las "margaritíferas" .

Mientras que las tonalidades más comunes van desde el rosa y el rosa-verde.

Apariencia superficial

Las perlas, aunque siempre son un "material orgánico" y por tanto natural, nunca tienen una superficie perfectamente lisa y homogénea.

Por tanto, al examinar una perla bajo la luz directa, seguramente se notarán rayas o pequeñas burbujas en relieve, elementos tranquilizadores que refuerzan la hipótesis de que la perla es real y, por tanto, auténtica.

TENGA EN CUENTA Cuanto más perfecta sea la superficie de la perla, más valiosa será la perla.

Perla Oriente

La orientación de una perla es el conjunto de elementos ópticos (dispersión, refracción, reflexión, interferencia y difusión de la luz) que se notan mediante el uso de luz blanca difusa al observar la perla sobre un fondo blanco o gris uniforme.

Si al observar la perla percibes un conjunto de colores "en movimiento" estás observando la orientación de la perla. Que sólo un técnico experto es capaz de evaluarlo en:

Excelente – Bueno – Regular – Deficiente

Cómo reconocer una perla falsa

Con este método tan sencillo podrás reconocer rápidamente si una perla es auténtica o falsa .

La prueba consiste en rayar la superficie de la perla con una lima pequeña o la hoja de un cuchillo pequeño (si tiene un agujero es mejor cerca del agujero para que una vez insertada en un collar no se vean los rayones realizados) para Comprenda inmediatamente si está recubierto con pintura o productos similares.

Si este es el caso notarás inmediatamente la pintura cuarteándose y debajo de cualquier cubierta, la perla falsa (normalmente de plástico transparente).

De esta forma podrás saber inmediatamente si se trata de una perla auténtica o falsa . Porque si la perla es natural, al rascarla notarás que la superficie de la perla se desprende (el efecto es idéntico a cuando rascas un hueso de sepia).

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