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Gdje se zlato nalazi i kako se vadi

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Kategorije: Dragulji

Autor: OmniaOro

Zlato se u svom prirodnom stanju nalazi u kvarcnim stijenama, u obliku niti, mrlja i folija, često pomiješano s mineralima srebra.

Ili se također može naći u riječnim koritima, pomiješan s pijeskom, u obliku zrnaca i grumena.

Kopanje zlata

Ekstrakcija zlata može se prakticirati s tri različita procesa: glačanjem , amalgamacijom i cijanizacijom . Međutim, nije uvijek potrebno koristiti sva tri procesa.

Zaglađivanje se odvija pomoću dugih posuda, koje omogućuju odvajanje zlata puštanjem sporog toka vode. Zapravo, otpadni materijal, budući da je lakši od zlata, vuče se zajedno s vodom, dok mali komadići zlata tonu na dno spremnika.

Amalgamacijom se sirovine melju u prah, koji se zatim amalgamira sa živom. Nakon toga, plemeniti metal se obnavlja destilacijom amalgama.

Cijanidacija je najvažniji proces ekstrakcije. Zlatne rude se tretiraju otopinom kalijevog cijanida, u prisutnosti zraka, zlato se topi i pretvara u auro-kalijev cijanid. Odvajanje zlata iz ove otopine događa se s cinkom i elektrolitički.

Svojstva zlata

Zlato u svom prirodnom stanju je crvenkasto žute boje, sjajno, nepromjenjivo i savitljivo (najsavitljiviji metal). Iz ovog posljednjeg razloga i da bi se omogućila njegova obrada, legira se s drugim metalima. Niti jedna obična kiselina ne utječe na njega osim carske vodenice, klorirane vode i alkalnih cijanida. Talište mu je 1063°, a vrelište 2600°.

Najveći proizvođači zlata su Južna Afrika, Kina, SAD i Australija.

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